Courtesy of the American Academy of Ophthalmology
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Tears
-
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
The Three Layers of the Tear Film
Each time you blink, a tear film covers the eye to help you see. The tear film has three layers: an oily layer on the outside, a watery layer in the middle and mucous layer on the surface of the eye.
To learn more about tears, dry eye, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/-scr2CV8DGE -
Punctal Plugs
Tears drain out of the eye through tiny openings of the tear ducts called puncta. If you have dry eye, your ophthalmologist may recommend closing off the puncta, either temporarily or permanently, using punctal plugs. Punctal plugs can save your own tears or make artificial tears last longer. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Click here for other helpful videos from Eyesmart!
[/vc_column_text]
Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
-
Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Like your eye's natural lens, an IOL helps you see by focusing the light that comes through the cornea and pupil, focusing the light onto the retina. The retina converts the light rays into signals that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as the images we see. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Lens (IOL)
Traditional monofocal lenses focus light entering your eye at a single focal distance. This means you will see best at either far, near, or intermediate distance without glasses, depending on the lens power you select. Most people choose a lens that provides good distance vision without glasses. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Correction Options
Monofocal IOLs provide good vision at one focal distance. With a monofocal IOL set for distance, you will need reading glasses for close-up vision. If you choose a monofocal IOL set for near vision, allowing you to read without glasses, then you will need glasses to see clearly in the distance. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Multifocal Lens (IOL)
Multifocal intraocular lenses use specially-designed circular focal zones or rings on the surface of the lens. Depending on where the light rays are focused through the different zones or rings, you may be able to focus well at both near and distance. Learn more about multifocal IOLs with cataract surgery at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Accommodative Lens IOL
You may choose to replace your natural lenses with accommodative IOLs after cataract surgery. Accommodative IOLs work with the ciliary muscles to move the IOL forward and backward. This movement of the lens allows the focus to change from near to far, providing good vision up close and far away. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Toric Lens IOL
Toric IOLs are monofocal lens implants with astigmatism correction built in. They may not completely eliminate the need for eyeglasses; however, people with toric IOLs should have less astigmatism and better vision without glasses than if a traditional IOL was used. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Red Eye
Refractive Surgery
-
Nearsightedness (Myopia)
Myopia or nearsightedness is a form of refractive error. With myopia, the distance between the cornea and the retina is too long, so that light rays focus in front of the retina instead of on it. Close objects will look clear, but distant objects will appear blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is when the eye focuses the image behind where the retina actually is. This causes close objects to look blurry. Distant objects will still look clear. Farsightedness is treatable.
To learn more about farsightedness, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hyperopia-farsightedness
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/XX5ojCgdbcE -
Astigmatism
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is curved unevenly, more like a football than a basketball. Light passing through an uneven cornea is not properly focused on the retina. Distance and close vision may both be blurry. Learn more about astigmatism symptoms, astigmatism diagnosis and astigmatism treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Refractive Surgery
Over the past decades, a variety of surgical procedures, collectively known as refractive surgery, has become an increasingly popular way to correct refractive error. In most cases, these procedures permanently alter the shape of the cornea, so that light rays are refocused on the retina to improve vision. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Microkeratome)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea with a microsurgical instrument called a microkeratome. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Femtosecond)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea using tiny, quick pulses of laser light. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wavefront LASIK
A beam of light is sent through your eye and reflected back. A sensor measures the irregularities in the pattern that emerges. The wavefront computer creates an accurate, 3-D map that includes the imperfections in your cornea, helping your ophthalmologist to customize the reshaping of your cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What Is Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)?
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a laser vision correction surgery. With PRK, the cornea at the front of the eye is reshaped with a special laser, to give clearer vision.
To learn more about PRK and other refractive surgeries, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/photorefractive-keratectomy-prk
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/sWeGqgitDFM -
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK)
With LASEK, an alcohol solution loosens the epithelium, a thin layer of cells that covers the surface of the cornea. The epithelium is peeled back from the cornea and a laser reshapes your cornea to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. The epithelium is placed back over the cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
INTACS are made of two semicircles of plastic that rest between the layers of tissue in the cornea. They cause the peripheral cornea to become more steep and the central cornea to flatten. This change in shape corrects nearsightedness by shifting the point at which light is focused on the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Phakic IOL
Phakic IOLs can treat high degrees of refractive error that corneal-based refractive surgery cannot. A tiny incision is made in the eye through which the IOL is inserted. Once positioned in front of the eye's natural lens, the implantable contact lens correctly focuses light rays onto the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Tears
-
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
The Three Layers of the Tear Film
Each time you blink, a tear film covers the eye to help you see. The tear film has three layers: an oily layer on the outside, a watery layer in the middle and mucous layer on the surface of the eye.
To learn more about tears, dry eye, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/-scr2CV8DGE -
Punctal Plugs
Tears drain out of the eye through tiny openings of the tear ducts called puncta. If you have dry eye, your ophthalmologist may recommend closing off the puncta, either temporarily or permanently, using punctal plugs. Punctal plugs can save your own tears or make artificial tears last longer. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Click here for other helpful videos from Eyesmart!
[/vc_column_text]
Glaucoma
-
What is glaucoma?
In a healthy eye, fluid is made in the front of the eye and flows out through the trabecular meshwork, which is a part of the drainage angle. If fluid doesn't flow out properly, eye pressure increases and damages the optic nerve.
To learn more about glaucoma, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma.
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/QRiM0i3U25s -
How the Eye Works and Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If more aqueous humor is produced than flows out, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop and damage the optic nerve. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Open-Angle Glaucoma
A healthy eye continuously produces aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and allows an equal amount to flow out. With glaucoma, aqueous humor does not drain properly and an unhealthy eye pressure may develop, pressing on the optic nerve and damaging optic nerve fibers. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Closed Angle Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If the iris blocks the drainage angle and aqueous humor cannot drain properly, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Optic Nerve Fibers
A normal optic nerve is made up of more than a million nerve fibers. With glaucoma, as the optic nerve is damaged, it loses nerve fibers and changes in appearance, called cupping. As cupping increases, blind spots develop. Ophthalmologists use a visual field test to look for these blind spots. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Visual Field
In the early stages of glaucoma, the visual field remains normal. As the optic nerve experiences further damage, blind spots begin to appear. These blind spots typically go undetected in your day to day activities, until the optic nerve is significantly damaged and the blind spots become large. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT and SLT)
Two types of laser trabeculoplasty, ALT and SLT, are used to treat open-angle glaucoma. These laser surgeries are used to treat the drainage system of the eye, called the trabecular meshwork. Treatment improves the flow of fluid out of the eye, helping to lower pressure. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What happens during laser iridotomy surgery?
Laser iridotomy is a surgery that's used to prevent or control glaucoma. An ophthalmologist uses a laser to make a tiny hole in the iris (colored part) of the eye. This opening - usually the size of a pinhead - allows fluid to flow from behind the iris and out through the drainage angle.
To learn more about glaucoma treatment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/glaucoma-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/EiEarArHmnw -
Trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy creates a new drainage channel for the eye, allowing fluid to flow into a filtering area called a bleb, which is mostly hidden under the eyelid. When successful, this procedure will lower the pressure in the eye, minimizing the risk of vision loss from glaucoma. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Setons
If your eye is at high risk for scarring and your eye pressure has to be lowered, your ophthalmologist may recommend placing a tiny drainage tube in your eye called a seton. The tube creates a new channel for the fluid to flow from the eye to a filtering area called a bleb. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
-
Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Like your eye's natural lens, an IOL helps you see by focusing the light that comes through the cornea and pupil, focusing the light onto the retina. The retina converts the light rays into signals that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as the images we see. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Lens (IOL)
Traditional monofocal lenses focus light entering your eye at a single focal distance. This means you will see best at either far, near, or intermediate distance without glasses, depending on the lens power you select. Most people choose a lens that provides good distance vision without glasses. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Correction Options
Monofocal IOLs provide good vision at one focal distance. With a monofocal IOL set for distance, you will need reading glasses for close-up vision. If you choose a monofocal IOL set for near vision, allowing you to read without glasses, then you will need glasses to see clearly in the distance. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Multifocal Lens (IOL)
Multifocal intraocular lenses use specially-designed circular focal zones or rings on the surface of the lens. Depending on where the light rays are focused through the different zones or rings, you may be able to focus well at both near and distance. Learn more about multifocal IOLs with cataract surgery at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Accommodative Lens IOL
You may choose to replace your natural lenses with accommodative IOLs after cataract surgery. Accommodative IOLs work with the ciliary muscles to move the IOL forward and backward. This movement of the lens allows the focus to change from near to far, providing good vision up close and far away. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Toric Lens IOL
Toric IOLs are monofocal lens implants with astigmatism correction built in. They may not completely eliminate the need for eyeglasses; however, people with toric IOLs should have less astigmatism and better vision without glasses than if a traditional IOL was used. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Red Eye
Refractive Surgery
-
Nearsightedness (Myopia)
Myopia or nearsightedness is a form of refractive error. With myopia, the distance between the cornea and the retina is too long, so that light rays focus in front of the retina instead of on it. Close objects will look clear, but distant objects will appear blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is when the eye focuses the image behind where the retina actually is. This causes close objects to look blurry. Distant objects will still look clear. Farsightedness is treatable.
To learn more about farsightedness, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hyperopia-farsightedness
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/XX5ojCgdbcE -
Astigmatism
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is curved unevenly, more like a football than a basketball. Light passing through an uneven cornea is not properly focused on the retina. Distance and close vision may both be blurry. Learn more about astigmatism symptoms, astigmatism diagnosis and astigmatism treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Refractive Surgery
Over the past decades, a variety of surgical procedures, collectively known as refractive surgery, has become an increasingly popular way to correct refractive error. In most cases, these procedures permanently alter the shape of the cornea, so that light rays are refocused on the retina to improve vision. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Microkeratome)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea with a microsurgical instrument called a microkeratome. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Femtosecond)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea using tiny, quick pulses of laser light. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wavefront LASIK
A beam of light is sent through your eye and reflected back. A sensor measures the irregularities in the pattern that emerges. The wavefront computer creates an accurate, 3-D map that includes the imperfections in your cornea, helping your ophthalmologist to customize the reshaping of your cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What Is Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)?
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a laser vision correction surgery. With PRK, the cornea at the front of the eye is reshaped with a special laser, to give clearer vision.
To learn more about PRK and other refractive surgeries, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/photorefractive-keratectomy-prk
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/sWeGqgitDFM -
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK)
With LASEK, an alcohol solution loosens the epithelium, a thin layer of cells that covers the surface of the cornea. The epithelium is peeled back from the cornea and a laser reshapes your cornea to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. The epithelium is placed back over the cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
INTACS are made of two semicircles of plastic that rest between the layers of tissue in the cornea. They cause the peripheral cornea to become more steep and the central cornea to flatten. This change in shape corrects nearsightedness by shifting the point at which light is focused on the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Phakic IOL
Phakic IOLs can treat high degrees of refractive error that corneal-based refractive surgery cannot. A tiny incision is made in the eye through which the IOL is inserted. Once positioned in front of the eye's natural lens, the implantable contact lens correctly focuses light rays onto the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Tears
-
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
The Three Layers of the Tear Film
Each time you blink, a tear film covers the eye to help you see. The tear film has three layers: an oily layer on the outside, a watery layer in the middle and mucous layer on the surface of the eye.
To learn more about tears, dry eye, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/-scr2CV8DGE -
Punctal Plugs
Tears drain out of the eye through tiny openings of the tear ducts called puncta. If you have dry eye, your ophthalmologist may recommend closing off the puncta, either temporarily or permanently, using punctal plugs. Punctal plugs can save your own tears or make artificial tears last longer. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Click here for other helpful videos from Eyesmart!
-
Floaters & Flashes and Retinal Detachment
When clumps of cells form inside the vitreous, they cast shadows called floaters. When vitreous gel rubs or pulls at the retina, flashes occur. Floaters and flashes are more common as we reach middle age, or they can be a sign of a serious problem called retinal detachment. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is scleral buckle surgery?
Scleral buckle surgery is one treatment for retinal detachemnt. A band, often made of silicone, is put around the eye and sewn in place. The band gently squeezes the eye, keeping the layers of the eye together and giving the retina a chance to reattach to the wall of the eye.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/7Zsli12rFdQ -
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Detached Retina
In this procedure, a gas bubble is injected into the vitreous space inside the eye in combination with laser surgery or cryotherapy. The gas bubble pushes the retinal tear into place against the back wall of the eye. Sometimes this procedure can be done in the ophthalmologist’s office. Your ophthalmologist will ask you to constantly maintain a certain head position for several days. The gas bubble will gradually disappear.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/s4CIvcbTrGg -
Vitrectomy Surgery for Detached Retina
With vitrectomy surgery, the vitreous gel that is pulling on the retina is removed and replaced with a gas bubble. Over time, fluid naturally replaces this gas bubble. In some cases, silicon oil is used instead of gas, in which case a second surgery is usually needed to remove the oil. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
[/vc_column_text]
Diabetic Retinopathy
-
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy PDR
With PDR, blood vessels in the retina close, preventing adequate blood flow. The retina responds by trying to grow new vessels. However, these new abnormal vessels do not provide proper blood flow, and can bleed and lead to scar tissue, which may cause the retina to wrinkle or detach. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR)
With nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), damaged blood vessels in the retina begin to leak fluids, including small amounts of blood, into the retina. Sometimes, deposits of fats may leak inside the retina. These deposits are called hard exudates. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Panretinal Photocoagulation PRP
Panretinal photocoagulation is a laser treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The laser is applied to the peripheral retina. This shrinks the blood vessels, often prevents them from regrowing, and decreases the chances of the blood vessels bleeding into the vitreous or causing a retinal detachment. More information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Eyelid Problems
-
Eyelid Dermatochalasis
EyeSmart dermatochalasis video. Dermatochalasis refers to redundancy of eyelid skin and is often associated with orbital fat protrusion or prolapse (steatoblepharon). Though more common in older patients, dermatochalasis can also occur in middle-aged people, particularly if a familial predisposition exists. Dermatochalasis of the upper eyelids is often associated with an indistinct or lower-than-normal eyelid crease. It also may be associated with true ptosis of the upper eyelids. http://www.geteyesmart.org -
Blepharoptosis
Blepharoptosis is a condition that causes the upper eyelid to droop. The eyelid can fall into your field of vision and make it difficult to see. Learn more about blepharoptosis and other eyelid problems at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is chronic redness, irritation, and flaking of the eyelids. It can lead to lid infection and irritation of the eye. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What are entropion and ectropion?
"Entropion is when the eyelid and eyelashes turn inward, into the eye. The lashes can rub against the cornea, causing pain and irritation.
Ectropion is when the eyelid is loose, exposing the inner part of the eyelid. Tears do not drain properly with ectropion, causing tearing and discomfort."
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/5Rb664g1MEw -
Entropion and Ectropion Repair Surgeries
Both entropion and ectropion (inward- or outward-turning eyelids) can be repaired surgically. The ophthalmologist will loosen or tighten the tendons that hold the eyelid. This will allow the eyelid to sit in it's normal location. Sometimes a small amount of tissue is grafted from another part of the body, onto the eyelid.
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/9DX303u9Yg4
Glaucoma
-
What is glaucoma?
In a healthy eye, fluid is made in the front of the eye and flows out through the trabecular meshwork, which is a part of the drainage angle. If fluid doesn't flow out properly, eye pressure increases and damages the optic nerve.
To learn more about glaucoma, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma.
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/QRiM0i3U25s -
How the Eye Works and Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If more aqueous humor is produced than flows out, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop and damage the optic nerve. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Open-Angle Glaucoma
A healthy eye continuously produces aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and allows an equal amount to flow out. With glaucoma, aqueous humor does not drain properly and an unhealthy eye pressure may develop, pressing on the optic nerve and damaging optic nerve fibers. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Closed Angle Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If the iris blocks the drainage angle and aqueous humor cannot drain properly, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Optic Nerve Fibers
A normal optic nerve is made up of more than a million nerve fibers. With glaucoma, as the optic nerve is damaged, it loses nerve fibers and changes in appearance, called cupping. As cupping increases, blind spots develop. Ophthalmologists use a visual field test to look for these blind spots. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Visual Field
In the early stages of glaucoma, the visual field remains normal. As the optic nerve experiences further damage, blind spots begin to appear. These blind spots typically go undetected in your day to day activities, until the optic nerve is significantly damaged and the blind spots become large. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT and SLT)
Two types of laser trabeculoplasty, ALT and SLT, are used to treat open-angle glaucoma. These laser surgeries are used to treat the drainage system of the eye, called the trabecular meshwork. Treatment improves the flow of fluid out of the eye, helping to lower pressure. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What happens during laser iridotomy surgery?
Laser iridotomy is a surgery that's used to prevent or control glaucoma. An ophthalmologist uses a laser to make a tiny hole in the iris (colored part) of the eye. This opening - usually the size of a pinhead - allows fluid to flow from behind the iris and out through the drainage angle.
To learn more about glaucoma treatment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/glaucoma-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/EiEarArHmnw -
Trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy creates a new drainage channel for the eye, allowing fluid to flow into a filtering area called a bleb, which is mostly hidden under the eyelid. When successful, this procedure will lower the pressure in the eye, minimizing the risk of vision loss from glaucoma. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Setons
If your eye is at high risk for scarring and your eye pressure has to be lowered, your ophthalmologist may recommend placing a tiny drainage tube in your eye called a seton. The tube creates a new channel for the fluid to flow from the eye to a filtering area called a bleb. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
-
Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Like your eye's natural lens, an IOL helps you see by focusing the light that comes through the cornea and pupil, focusing the light onto the retina. The retina converts the light rays into signals that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as the images we see. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Lens (IOL)
Traditional monofocal lenses focus light entering your eye at a single focal distance. This means you will see best at either far, near, or intermediate distance without glasses, depending on the lens power you select. Most people choose a lens that provides good distance vision without glasses. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Correction Options
Monofocal IOLs provide good vision at one focal distance. With a monofocal IOL set for distance, you will need reading glasses for close-up vision. If you choose a monofocal IOL set for near vision, allowing you to read without glasses, then you will need glasses to see clearly in the distance. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Multifocal Lens (IOL)
Multifocal intraocular lenses use specially-designed circular focal zones or rings on the surface of the lens. Depending on where the light rays are focused through the different zones or rings, you may be able to focus well at both near and distance. Learn more about multifocal IOLs with cataract surgery at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Accommodative Lens IOL
You may choose to replace your natural lenses with accommodative IOLs after cataract surgery. Accommodative IOLs work with the ciliary muscles to move the IOL forward and backward. This movement of the lens allows the focus to change from near to far, providing good vision up close and far away. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Toric Lens IOL
Toric IOLs are monofocal lens implants with astigmatism correction built in. They may not completely eliminate the need for eyeglasses; however, people with toric IOLs should have less astigmatism and better vision without glasses than if a traditional IOL was used. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Red Eye
Refractive Surgery
-
Nearsightedness (Myopia)
Myopia or nearsightedness is a form of refractive error. With myopia, the distance between the cornea and the retina is too long, so that light rays focus in front of the retina instead of on it. Close objects will look clear, but distant objects will appear blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is when the eye focuses the image behind where the retina actually is. This causes close objects to look blurry. Distant objects will still look clear. Farsightedness is treatable.
To learn more about farsightedness, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hyperopia-farsightedness
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/XX5ojCgdbcE -
Astigmatism
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is curved unevenly, more like a football than a basketball. Light passing through an uneven cornea is not properly focused on the retina. Distance and close vision may both be blurry. Learn more about astigmatism symptoms, astigmatism diagnosis and astigmatism treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Refractive Surgery
Over the past decades, a variety of surgical procedures, collectively known as refractive surgery, has become an increasingly popular way to correct refractive error. In most cases, these procedures permanently alter the shape of the cornea, so that light rays are refocused on the retina to improve vision. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Microkeratome)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea with a microsurgical instrument called a microkeratome. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Femtosecond)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea using tiny, quick pulses of laser light. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wavefront LASIK
A beam of light is sent through your eye and reflected back. A sensor measures the irregularities in the pattern that emerges. The wavefront computer creates an accurate, 3-D map that includes the imperfections in your cornea, helping your ophthalmologist to customize the reshaping of your cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What Is Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)?
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a laser vision correction surgery. With PRK, the cornea at the front of the eye is reshaped with a special laser, to give clearer vision.
To learn more about PRK and other refractive surgeries, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/photorefractive-keratectomy-prk
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/sWeGqgitDFM -
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK)
With LASEK, an alcohol solution loosens the epithelium, a thin layer of cells that covers the surface of the cornea. The epithelium is peeled back from the cornea and a laser reshapes your cornea to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. The epithelium is placed back over the cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
INTACS are made of two semicircles of plastic that rest between the layers of tissue in the cornea. They cause the peripheral cornea to become more steep and the central cornea to flatten. This change in shape corrects nearsightedness by shifting the point at which light is focused on the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Phakic IOL
Phakic IOLs can treat high degrees of refractive error that corneal-based refractive surgery cannot. A tiny incision is made in the eye through which the IOL is inserted. Once positioned in front of the eye's natural lens, the implantable contact lens correctly focuses light rays onto the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Tears
-
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
The Three Layers of the Tear Film
Each time you blink, a tear film covers the eye to help you see. The tear film has three layers: an oily layer on the outside, a watery layer in the middle and mucous layer on the surface of the eye.
To learn more about tears, dry eye, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/-scr2CV8DGE -
Punctal Plugs
Tears drain out of the eye through tiny openings of the tear ducts called puncta. If you have dry eye, your ophthalmologist may recommend closing off the puncta, either temporarily or permanently, using punctal plugs. Punctal plugs can save your own tears or make artificial tears last longer. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Click here for other helpful videos from Eyesmart!
-
What are cataracts?
Cataracts are when the eye's natural lens becomes cloudy. This happens to most people as a natural part of aging. Cataracts can also be caused by injuries, certain medications or genetics. When the lens gets cloudy, it can scatter light and make your vision blurry.
To learn more about cataracts, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/UC74Bw2KpKE -
Cataract Facts
Find out what cataracts are, what causes them and what can be done to improve vision if you have cataracts. Get more information about cataracts from the American Academy of Ophthalmology's EyeSmart program. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts -
Cataract Surgery
With cataract surgery, a small incision is made in the eye. The front of the outer covering of the lens is opened and the cataract is broken up and vacuumed out. A folded lens implant is inserted into the capsule where it unfolds and permanently takes the place of the clouded natural lens. Learn more at https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cataract-surgery -
Cataract Formation
In the healthy eye, the lens is clear and allows light rays to pass through unobstructed. As a cataract forms, the lens gradually becomes cloudy. As light passes through this cloudy lens, it is no longer clearly focused on the retina, causing images to appear hazy or blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
[/vc_column_text]
Detached Retina
-
Floaters & Flashes and Retinal Detachment
When clumps of cells form inside the vitreous, they cast shadows called floaters. When vitreous gel rubs or pulls at the retina, flashes occur. Floaters and flashes are more common as we reach middle age, or they can be a sign of a serious problem called retinal detachment. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is scleral buckle surgery?
Scleral buckle surgery is one treatment for retinal detachemnt. A band, often made of silicone, is put around the eye and sewn in place. The band gently squeezes the eye, keeping the layers of the eye together and giving the retina a chance to reattach to the wall of the eye.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/7Zsli12rFdQ -
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Detached Retina
In this procedure, a gas bubble is injected into the vitreous space inside the eye in combination with laser surgery or cryotherapy. The gas bubble pushes the retinal tear into place against the back wall of the eye. Sometimes this procedure can be done in the ophthalmologist’s office. Your ophthalmologist will ask you to constantly maintain a certain head position for several days. The gas bubble will gradually disappear.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/s4CIvcbTrGg -
Vitrectomy Surgery for Detached Retina
With vitrectomy surgery, the vitreous gel that is pulling on the retina is removed and replaced with a gas bubble. Over time, fluid naturally replaces this gas bubble. In some cases, silicon oil is used instead of gas, in which case a second surgery is usually needed to remove the oil. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Diabetic Retinopathy
-
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy PDR
With PDR, blood vessels in the retina close, preventing adequate blood flow. The retina responds by trying to grow new vessels. However, these new abnormal vessels do not provide proper blood flow, and can bleed and lead to scar tissue, which may cause the retina to wrinkle or detach. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR)
With nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), damaged blood vessels in the retina begin to leak fluids, including small amounts of blood, into the retina. Sometimes, deposits of fats may leak inside the retina. These deposits are called hard exudates. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Panretinal Photocoagulation PRP
Panretinal photocoagulation is a laser treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The laser is applied to the peripheral retina. This shrinks the blood vessels, often prevents them from regrowing, and decreases the chances of the blood vessels bleeding into the vitreous or causing a retinal detachment. More information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Eyelid Problems
-
Eyelid Dermatochalasis
EyeSmart dermatochalasis video. Dermatochalasis refers to redundancy of eyelid skin and is often associated with orbital fat protrusion or prolapse (steatoblepharon). Though more common in older patients, dermatochalasis can also occur in middle-aged people, particularly if a familial predisposition exists. Dermatochalasis of the upper eyelids is often associated with an indistinct or lower-than-normal eyelid crease. It also may be associated with true ptosis of the upper eyelids. http://www.geteyesmart.org -
Blepharoptosis
Blepharoptosis is a condition that causes the upper eyelid to droop. The eyelid can fall into your field of vision and make it difficult to see. Learn more about blepharoptosis and other eyelid problems at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is chronic redness, irritation, and flaking of the eyelids. It can lead to lid infection and irritation of the eye. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What are entropion and ectropion?
"Entropion is when the eyelid and eyelashes turn inward, into the eye. The lashes can rub against the cornea, causing pain and irritation.
Ectropion is when the eyelid is loose, exposing the inner part of the eyelid. Tears do not drain properly with ectropion, causing tearing and discomfort."
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/5Rb664g1MEw -
Entropion and Ectropion Repair Surgeries
Both entropion and ectropion (inward- or outward-turning eyelids) can be repaired surgically. The ophthalmologist will loosen or tighten the tendons that hold the eyelid. This will allow the eyelid to sit in it's normal location. Sometimes a small amount of tissue is grafted from another part of the body, onto the eyelid.
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/9DX303u9Yg4
Glaucoma
-
What is glaucoma?
In a healthy eye, fluid is made in the front of the eye and flows out through the trabecular meshwork, which is a part of the drainage angle. If fluid doesn't flow out properly, eye pressure increases and damages the optic nerve.
To learn more about glaucoma, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma.
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/QRiM0i3U25s -
How the Eye Works and Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If more aqueous humor is produced than flows out, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop and damage the optic nerve. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Open-Angle Glaucoma
A healthy eye continuously produces aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and allows an equal amount to flow out. With glaucoma, aqueous humor does not drain properly and an unhealthy eye pressure may develop, pressing on the optic nerve and damaging optic nerve fibers. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Closed Angle Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If the iris blocks the drainage angle and aqueous humor cannot drain properly, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Optic Nerve Fibers
A normal optic nerve is made up of more than a million nerve fibers. With glaucoma, as the optic nerve is damaged, it loses nerve fibers and changes in appearance, called cupping. As cupping increases, blind spots develop. Ophthalmologists use a visual field test to look for these blind spots. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Visual Field
In the early stages of glaucoma, the visual field remains normal. As the optic nerve experiences further damage, blind spots begin to appear. These blind spots typically go undetected in your day to day activities, until the optic nerve is significantly damaged and the blind spots become large. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT and SLT)
Two types of laser trabeculoplasty, ALT and SLT, are used to treat open-angle glaucoma. These laser surgeries are used to treat the drainage system of the eye, called the trabecular meshwork. Treatment improves the flow of fluid out of the eye, helping to lower pressure. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What happens during laser iridotomy surgery?
Laser iridotomy is a surgery that's used to prevent or control glaucoma. An ophthalmologist uses a laser to make a tiny hole in the iris (colored part) of the eye. This opening - usually the size of a pinhead - allows fluid to flow from behind the iris and out through the drainage angle.
To learn more about glaucoma treatment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/glaucoma-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/EiEarArHmnw -
Trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy creates a new drainage channel for the eye, allowing fluid to flow into a filtering area called a bleb, which is mostly hidden under the eyelid. When successful, this procedure will lower the pressure in the eye, minimizing the risk of vision loss from glaucoma. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Setons
If your eye is at high risk for scarring and your eye pressure has to be lowered, your ophthalmologist may recommend placing a tiny drainage tube in your eye called a seton. The tube creates a new channel for the fluid to flow from the eye to a filtering area called a bleb. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
-
Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Like your eye's natural lens, an IOL helps you see by focusing the light that comes through the cornea and pupil, focusing the light onto the retina. The retina converts the light rays into signals that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as the images we see. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Lens (IOL)
Traditional monofocal lenses focus light entering your eye at a single focal distance. This means you will see best at either far, near, or intermediate distance without glasses, depending on the lens power you select. Most people choose a lens that provides good distance vision without glasses. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Correction Options
Monofocal IOLs provide good vision at one focal distance. With a monofocal IOL set for distance, you will need reading glasses for close-up vision. If you choose a monofocal IOL set for near vision, allowing you to read without glasses, then you will need glasses to see clearly in the distance. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Multifocal Lens (IOL)
Multifocal intraocular lenses use specially-designed circular focal zones or rings on the surface of the lens. Depending on where the light rays are focused through the different zones or rings, you may be able to focus well at both near and distance. Learn more about multifocal IOLs with cataract surgery at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Accommodative Lens IOL
You may choose to replace your natural lenses with accommodative IOLs after cataract surgery. Accommodative IOLs work with the ciliary muscles to move the IOL forward and backward. This movement of the lens allows the focus to change from near to far, providing good vision up close and far away. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Toric Lens IOL
Toric IOLs are monofocal lens implants with astigmatism correction built in. They may not completely eliminate the need for eyeglasses; however, people with toric IOLs should have less astigmatism and better vision without glasses than if a traditional IOL was used. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Red Eye
Refractive Surgery
-
Nearsightedness (Myopia)
Myopia or nearsightedness is a form of refractive error. With myopia, the distance between the cornea and the retina is too long, so that light rays focus in front of the retina instead of on it. Close objects will look clear, but distant objects will appear blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is when the eye focuses the image behind where the retina actually is. This causes close objects to look blurry. Distant objects will still look clear. Farsightedness is treatable.
To learn more about farsightedness, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hyperopia-farsightedness
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/XX5ojCgdbcE -
Astigmatism
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is curved unevenly, more like a football than a basketball. Light passing through an uneven cornea is not properly focused on the retina. Distance and close vision may both be blurry. Learn more about astigmatism symptoms, astigmatism diagnosis and astigmatism treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Refractive Surgery
Over the past decades, a variety of surgical procedures, collectively known as refractive surgery, has become an increasingly popular way to correct refractive error. In most cases, these procedures permanently alter the shape of the cornea, so that light rays are refocused on the retina to improve vision. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Microkeratome)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea with a microsurgical instrument called a microkeratome. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Femtosecond)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea using tiny, quick pulses of laser light. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wavefront LASIK
A beam of light is sent through your eye and reflected back. A sensor measures the irregularities in the pattern that emerges. The wavefront computer creates an accurate, 3-D map that includes the imperfections in your cornea, helping your ophthalmologist to customize the reshaping of your cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What Is Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)?
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a laser vision correction surgery. With PRK, the cornea at the front of the eye is reshaped with a special laser, to give clearer vision.
To learn more about PRK and other refractive surgeries, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/photorefractive-keratectomy-prk
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/sWeGqgitDFM -
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK)
With LASEK, an alcohol solution loosens the epithelium, a thin layer of cells that covers the surface of the cornea. The epithelium is peeled back from the cornea and a laser reshapes your cornea to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. The epithelium is placed back over the cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
INTACS are made of two semicircles of plastic that rest between the layers of tissue in the cornea. They cause the peripheral cornea to become more steep and the central cornea to flatten. This change in shape corrects nearsightedness by shifting the point at which light is focused on the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Phakic IOL
Phakic IOLs can treat high degrees of refractive error that corneal-based refractive surgery cannot. A tiny incision is made in the eye through which the IOL is inserted. Once positioned in front of the eye's natural lens, the implantable contact lens correctly focuses light rays onto the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Tears
-
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
The Three Layers of the Tear Film
Each time you blink, a tear film covers the eye to help you see. The tear film has three layers: an oily layer on the outside, a watery layer in the middle and mucous layer on the surface of the eye.
To learn more about tears, dry eye, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/-scr2CV8DGE -
Punctal Plugs
Tears drain out of the eye through tiny openings of the tear ducts called puncta. If you have dry eye, your ophthalmologist may recommend closing off the puncta, either temporarily or permanently, using punctal plugs. Punctal plugs can save your own tears or make artificial tears last longer. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Click here for other helpful videos from Eyesmart!
-
What are cataracts?
Cataracts are when the eye's natural lens becomes cloudy. This happens to most people as a natural part of aging. Cataracts can also be caused by injuries, certain medications or genetics. When the lens gets cloudy, it can scatter light and make your vision blurry.
To learn more about cataracts, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/UC74Bw2KpKE -
Cataract Facts
Find out what cataracts are, what causes them and what can be done to improve vision if you have cataracts. Get more information about cataracts from the American Academy of Ophthalmology's EyeSmart program. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts -
Cataract Surgery
With cataract surgery, a small incision is made in the eye. The front of the outer covering of the lens is opened and the cataract is broken up and vacuumed out. A folded lens implant is inserted into the capsule where it unfolds and permanently takes the place of the clouded natural lens. Learn more at https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cataract-surgery -
Cataract Formation
In the healthy eye, the lens is clear and allows light rays to pass through unobstructed. As a cataract forms, the lens gradually becomes cloudy. As light passes through this cloudy lens, it is no longer clearly focused on the retina, causing images to appear hazy or blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
[/vc_column_text]
Detached Retina
-
Floaters & Flashes and Retinal Detachment
When clumps of cells form inside the vitreous, they cast shadows called floaters. When vitreous gel rubs or pulls at the retina, flashes occur. Floaters and flashes are more common as we reach middle age, or they can be a sign of a serious problem called retinal detachment. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is scleral buckle surgery?
Scleral buckle surgery is one treatment for retinal detachemnt. A band, often made of silicone, is put around the eye and sewn in place. The band gently squeezes the eye, keeping the layers of the eye together and giving the retina a chance to reattach to the wall of the eye.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/7Zsli12rFdQ -
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Detached Retina
In this procedure, a gas bubble is injected into the vitreous space inside the eye in combination with laser surgery or cryotherapy. The gas bubble pushes the retinal tear into place against the back wall of the eye. Sometimes this procedure can be done in the ophthalmologist’s office. Your ophthalmologist will ask you to constantly maintain a certain head position for several days. The gas bubble will gradually disappear.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/s4CIvcbTrGg -
Vitrectomy Surgery for Detached Retina
With vitrectomy surgery, the vitreous gel that is pulling on the retina is removed and replaced with a gas bubble. Over time, fluid naturally replaces this gas bubble. In some cases, silicon oil is used instead of gas, in which case a second surgery is usually needed to remove the oil. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Diabetic Retinopathy
-
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy PDR
With PDR, blood vessels in the retina close, preventing adequate blood flow. The retina responds by trying to grow new vessels. However, these new abnormal vessels do not provide proper blood flow, and can bleed and lead to scar tissue, which may cause the retina to wrinkle or detach. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR)
With nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), damaged blood vessels in the retina begin to leak fluids, including small amounts of blood, into the retina. Sometimes, deposits of fats may leak inside the retina. These deposits are called hard exudates. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Panretinal Photocoagulation PRP
Panretinal photocoagulation is a laser treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The laser is applied to the peripheral retina. This shrinks the blood vessels, often prevents them from regrowing, and decreases the chances of the blood vessels bleeding into the vitreous or causing a retinal detachment. More information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Eyelid Problems
-
Eyelid Dermatochalasis
EyeSmart dermatochalasis video. Dermatochalasis refers to redundancy of eyelid skin and is often associated with orbital fat protrusion or prolapse (steatoblepharon). Though more common in older patients, dermatochalasis can also occur in middle-aged people, particularly if a familial predisposition exists. Dermatochalasis of the upper eyelids is often associated with an indistinct or lower-than-normal eyelid crease. It also may be associated with true ptosis of the upper eyelids. http://www.geteyesmart.org -
Blepharoptosis
Blepharoptosis is a condition that causes the upper eyelid to droop. The eyelid can fall into your field of vision and make it difficult to see. Learn more about blepharoptosis and other eyelid problems at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is chronic redness, irritation, and flaking of the eyelids. It can lead to lid infection and irritation of the eye. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What are entropion and ectropion?
"Entropion is when the eyelid and eyelashes turn inward, into the eye. The lashes can rub against the cornea, causing pain and irritation.
Ectropion is when the eyelid is loose, exposing the inner part of the eyelid. Tears do not drain properly with ectropion, causing tearing and discomfort."
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/5Rb664g1MEw -
Entropion and Ectropion Repair Surgeries
Both entropion and ectropion (inward- or outward-turning eyelids) can be repaired surgically. The ophthalmologist will loosen or tighten the tendons that hold the eyelid. This will allow the eyelid to sit in it's normal location. Sometimes a small amount of tissue is grafted from another part of the body, onto the eyelid.
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/9DX303u9Yg4
Glaucoma
-
What is glaucoma?
In a healthy eye, fluid is made in the front of the eye and flows out through the trabecular meshwork, which is a part of the drainage angle. If fluid doesn't flow out properly, eye pressure increases and damages the optic nerve.
To learn more about glaucoma, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma.
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/QRiM0i3U25s -
How the Eye Works and Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If more aqueous humor is produced than flows out, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop and damage the optic nerve. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Open-Angle Glaucoma
A healthy eye continuously produces aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and allows an equal amount to flow out. With glaucoma, aqueous humor does not drain properly and an unhealthy eye pressure may develop, pressing on the optic nerve and damaging optic nerve fibers. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Closed Angle Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If the iris blocks the drainage angle and aqueous humor cannot drain properly, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Optic Nerve Fibers
A normal optic nerve is made up of more than a million nerve fibers. With glaucoma, as the optic nerve is damaged, it loses nerve fibers and changes in appearance, called cupping. As cupping increases, blind spots develop. Ophthalmologists use a visual field test to look for these blind spots. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Visual Field
In the early stages of glaucoma, the visual field remains normal. As the optic nerve experiences further damage, blind spots begin to appear. These blind spots typically go undetected in your day to day activities, until the optic nerve is significantly damaged and the blind spots become large. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT and SLT)
Two types of laser trabeculoplasty, ALT and SLT, are used to treat open-angle glaucoma. These laser surgeries are used to treat the drainage system of the eye, called the trabecular meshwork. Treatment improves the flow of fluid out of the eye, helping to lower pressure. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What happens during laser iridotomy surgery?
Laser iridotomy is a surgery that's used to prevent or control glaucoma. An ophthalmologist uses a laser to make a tiny hole in the iris (colored part) of the eye. This opening - usually the size of a pinhead - allows fluid to flow from behind the iris and out through the drainage angle.
To learn more about glaucoma treatment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/glaucoma-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/EiEarArHmnw -
Trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy creates a new drainage channel for the eye, allowing fluid to flow into a filtering area called a bleb, which is mostly hidden under the eyelid. When successful, this procedure will lower the pressure in the eye, minimizing the risk of vision loss from glaucoma. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Setons
If your eye is at high risk for scarring and your eye pressure has to be lowered, your ophthalmologist may recommend placing a tiny drainage tube in your eye called a seton. The tube creates a new channel for the fluid to flow from the eye to a filtering area called a bleb. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
-
Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Like your eye's natural lens, an IOL helps you see by focusing the light that comes through the cornea and pupil, focusing the light onto the retina. The retina converts the light rays into signals that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as the images we see. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Lens (IOL)
Traditional monofocal lenses focus light entering your eye at a single focal distance. This means you will see best at either far, near, or intermediate distance without glasses, depending on the lens power you select. Most people choose a lens that provides good distance vision without glasses. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Correction Options
Monofocal IOLs provide good vision at one focal distance. With a monofocal IOL set for distance, you will need reading glasses for close-up vision. If you choose a monofocal IOL set for near vision, allowing you to read without glasses, then you will need glasses to see clearly in the distance. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Multifocal Lens (IOL)
Multifocal intraocular lenses use specially-designed circular focal zones or rings on the surface of the lens. Depending on where the light rays are focused through the different zones or rings, you may be able to focus well at both near and distance. Learn more about multifocal IOLs with cataract surgery at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Accommodative Lens IOL
You may choose to replace your natural lenses with accommodative IOLs after cataract surgery. Accommodative IOLs work with the ciliary muscles to move the IOL forward and backward. This movement of the lens allows the focus to change from near to far, providing good vision up close and far away. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Toric Lens IOL
Toric IOLs are monofocal lens implants with astigmatism correction built in. They may not completely eliminate the need for eyeglasses; however, people with toric IOLs should have less astigmatism and better vision without glasses than if a traditional IOL was used. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Red Eye
Refractive Surgery
-
Nearsightedness (Myopia)
Myopia or nearsightedness is a form of refractive error. With myopia, the distance between the cornea and the retina is too long, so that light rays focus in front of the retina instead of on it. Close objects will look clear, but distant objects will appear blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is when the eye focuses the image behind where the retina actually is. This causes close objects to look blurry. Distant objects will still look clear. Farsightedness is treatable.
To learn more about farsightedness, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hyperopia-farsightedness
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/XX5ojCgdbcE -
Astigmatism
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is curved unevenly, more like a football than a basketball. Light passing through an uneven cornea is not properly focused on the retina. Distance and close vision may both be blurry. Learn more about astigmatism symptoms, astigmatism diagnosis and astigmatism treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Refractive Surgery
Over the past decades, a variety of surgical procedures, collectively known as refractive surgery, has become an increasingly popular way to correct refractive error. In most cases, these procedures permanently alter the shape of the cornea, so that light rays are refocused on the retina to improve vision. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Microkeratome)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea with a microsurgical instrument called a microkeratome. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Femtosecond)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea using tiny, quick pulses of laser light. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wavefront LASIK
A beam of light is sent through your eye and reflected back. A sensor measures the irregularities in the pattern that emerges. The wavefront computer creates an accurate, 3-D map that includes the imperfections in your cornea, helping your ophthalmologist to customize the reshaping of your cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What Is Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)?
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a laser vision correction surgery. With PRK, the cornea at the front of the eye is reshaped with a special laser, to give clearer vision.
To learn more about PRK and other refractive surgeries, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/photorefractive-keratectomy-prk
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/sWeGqgitDFM -
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK)
With LASEK, an alcohol solution loosens the epithelium, a thin layer of cells that covers the surface of the cornea. The epithelium is peeled back from the cornea and a laser reshapes your cornea to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. The epithelium is placed back over the cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
INTACS are made of two semicircles of plastic that rest between the layers of tissue in the cornea. They cause the peripheral cornea to become more steep and the central cornea to flatten. This change in shape corrects nearsightedness by shifting the point at which light is focused on the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Phakic IOL
Phakic IOLs can treat high degrees of refractive error that corneal-based refractive surgery cannot. A tiny incision is made in the eye through which the IOL is inserted. Once positioned in front of the eye's natural lens, the implantable contact lens correctly focuses light rays onto the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Tears
-
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
The Three Layers of the Tear Film
Each time you blink, a tear film covers the eye to help you see. The tear film has three layers: an oily layer on the outside, a watery layer in the middle and mucous layer on the surface of the eye.
To learn more about tears, dry eye, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/-scr2CV8DGE -
Punctal Plugs
Tears drain out of the eye through tiny openings of the tear ducts called puncta. If you have dry eye, your ophthalmologist may recommend closing off the puncta, either temporarily or permanently, using punctal plugs. Punctal plugs can save your own tears or make artificial tears last longer. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Click here for other helpful videos from Eyesmart!
Cataracts
-
What are cataracts?
Cataracts are when the eye's natural lens becomes cloudy. This happens to most people as a natural part of aging. Cataracts can also be caused by injuries, certain medications or genetics. When the lens gets cloudy, it can scatter light and make your vision blurry.
To learn more about cataracts, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/UC74Bw2KpKE -
Cataract Facts
Find out what cataracts are, what causes them and what can be done to improve vision if you have cataracts. Get more information about cataracts from the American Academy of Ophthalmology's EyeSmart program. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts -
Cataract Surgery
With cataract surgery, a small incision is made in the eye. The front of the outer covering of the lens is opened and the cataract is broken up and vacuumed out. A folded lens implant is inserted into the capsule where it unfolds and permanently takes the place of the clouded natural lens. Learn more at https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cataract-surgery -
Cataract Formation
In the healthy eye, the lens is clear and allows light rays to pass through unobstructed. As a cataract forms, the lens gradually becomes cloudy. As light passes through this cloudy lens, it is no longer clearly focused on the retina, causing images to appear hazy or blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Detached Retina
-
Floaters & Flashes and Retinal Detachment
When clumps of cells form inside the vitreous, they cast shadows called floaters. When vitreous gel rubs or pulls at the retina, flashes occur. Floaters and flashes are more common as we reach middle age, or they can be a sign of a serious problem called retinal detachment. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is scleral buckle surgery?
Scleral buckle surgery is one treatment for retinal detachemnt. A band, often made of silicone, is put around the eye and sewn in place. The band gently squeezes the eye, keeping the layers of the eye together and giving the retina a chance to reattach to the wall of the eye.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/7Zsli12rFdQ -
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Detached Retina
In this procedure, a gas bubble is injected into the vitreous space inside the eye in combination with laser surgery or cryotherapy. The gas bubble pushes the retinal tear into place against the back wall of the eye. Sometimes this procedure can be done in the ophthalmologist’s office. Your ophthalmologist will ask you to constantly maintain a certain head position for several days. The gas bubble will gradually disappear.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/s4CIvcbTrGg -
Vitrectomy Surgery for Detached Retina
With vitrectomy surgery, the vitreous gel that is pulling on the retina is removed and replaced with a gas bubble. Over time, fluid naturally replaces this gas bubble. In some cases, silicon oil is used instead of gas, in which case a second surgery is usually needed to remove the oil. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Diabetic Retinopathy
-
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy PDR
With PDR, blood vessels in the retina close, preventing adequate blood flow. The retina responds by trying to grow new vessels. However, these new abnormal vessels do not provide proper blood flow, and can bleed and lead to scar tissue, which may cause the retina to wrinkle or detach. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR)
With nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), damaged blood vessels in the retina begin to leak fluids, including small amounts of blood, into the retina. Sometimes, deposits of fats may leak inside the retina. These deposits are called hard exudates. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Panretinal Photocoagulation PRP
Panretinal photocoagulation is a laser treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The laser is applied to the peripheral retina. This shrinks the blood vessels, often prevents them from regrowing, and decreases the chances of the blood vessels bleeding into the vitreous or causing a retinal detachment. More information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Eyelid Problems
-
Eyelid Dermatochalasis
EyeSmart dermatochalasis video. Dermatochalasis refers to redundancy of eyelid skin and is often associated with orbital fat protrusion or prolapse (steatoblepharon). Though more common in older patients, dermatochalasis can also occur in middle-aged people, particularly if a familial predisposition exists. Dermatochalasis of the upper eyelids is often associated with an indistinct or lower-than-normal eyelid crease. It also may be associated with true ptosis of the upper eyelids. http://www.geteyesmart.org -
Blepharoptosis
Blepharoptosis is a condition that causes the upper eyelid to droop. The eyelid can fall into your field of vision and make it difficult to see. Learn more about blepharoptosis and other eyelid problems at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is chronic redness, irritation, and flaking of the eyelids. It can lead to lid infection and irritation of the eye. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What are entropion and ectropion?
"Entropion is when the eyelid and eyelashes turn inward, into the eye. The lashes can rub against the cornea, causing pain and irritation.
Ectropion is when the eyelid is loose, exposing the inner part of the eyelid. Tears do not drain properly with ectropion, causing tearing and discomfort."
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/5Rb664g1MEw -
Entropion and Ectropion Repair Surgeries
Both entropion and ectropion (inward- or outward-turning eyelids) can be repaired surgically. The ophthalmologist will loosen or tighten the tendons that hold the eyelid. This will allow the eyelid to sit in it's normal location. Sometimes a small amount of tissue is grafted from another part of the body, onto the eyelid.
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/9DX303u9Yg4
Glaucoma
-
What is glaucoma?
In a healthy eye, fluid is made in the front of the eye and flows out through the trabecular meshwork, which is a part of the drainage angle. If fluid doesn't flow out properly, eye pressure increases and damages the optic nerve.
To learn more about glaucoma, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma.
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/QRiM0i3U25s -
How the Eye Works and Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If more aqueous humor is produced than flows out, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop and damage the optic nerve. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Open-Angle Glaucoma
A healthy eye continuously produces aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and allows an equal amount to flow out. With glaucoma, aqueous humor does not drain properly and an unhealthy eye pressure may develop, pressing on the optic nerve and damaging optic nerve fibers. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Closed Angle Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If the iris blocks the drainage angle and aqueous humor cannot drain properly, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Optic Nerve Fibers
A normal optic nerve is made up of more than a million nerve fibers. With glaucoma, as the optic nerve is damaged, it loses nerve fibers and changes in appearance, called cupping. As cupping increases, blind spots develop. Ophthalmologists use a visual field test to look for these blind spots. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Visual Field
In the early stages of glaucoma, the visual field remains normal. As the optic nerve experiences further damage, blind spots begin to appear. These blind spots typically go undetected in your day to day activities, until the optic nerve is significantly damaged and the blind spots become large. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT and SLT)
Two types of laser trabeculoplasty, ALT and SLT, are used to treat open-angle glaucoma. These laser surgeries are used to treat the drainage system of the eye, called the trabecular meshwork. Treatment improves the flow of fluid out of the eye, helping to lower pressure. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What happens during laser iridotomy surgery?
Laser iridotomy is a surgery that's used to prevent or control glaucoma. An ophthalmologist uses a laser to make a tiny hole in the iris (colored part) of the eye. This opening - usually the size of a pinhead - allows fluid to flow from behind the iris and out through the drainage angle.
To learn more about glaucoma treatment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/glaucoma-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/EiEarArHmnw -
Trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy creates a new drainage channel for the eye, allowing fluid to flow into a filtering area called a bleb, which is mostly hidden under the eyelid. When successful, this procedure will lower the pressure in the eye, minimizing the risk of vision loss from glaucoma. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Setons
If your eye is at high risk for scarring and your eye pressure has to be lowered, your ophthalmologist may recommend placing a tiny drainage tube in your eye called a seton. The tube creates a new channel for the fluid to flow from the eye to a filtering area called a bleb. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
-
Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Like your eye's natural lens, an IOL helps you see by focusing the light that comes through the cornea and pupil, focusing the light onto the retina. The retina converts the light rays into signals that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as the images we see. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Lens (IOL)
Traditional monofocal lenses focus light entering your eye at a single focal distance. This means you will see best at either far, near, or intermediate distance without glasses, depending on the lens power you select. Most people choose a lens that provides good distance vision without glasses. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Correction Options
Monofocal IOLs provide good vision at one focal distance. With a monofocal IOL set for distance, you will need reading glasses for close-up vision. If you choose a monofocal IOL set for near vision, allowing you to read without glasses, then you will need glasses to see clearly in the distance. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Multifocal Lens (IOL)
Multifocal intraocular lenses use specially-designed circular focal zones or rings on the surface of the lens. Depending on where the light rays are focused through the different zones or rings, you may be able to focus well at both near and distance. Learn more about multifocal IOLs with cataract surgery at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Accommodative Lens IOL
You may choose to replace your natural lenses with accommodative IOLs after cataract surgery. Accommodative IOLs work with the ciliary muscles to move the IOL forward and backward. This movement of the lens allows the focus to change from near to far, providing good vision up close and far away. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Toric Lens IOL
Toric IOLs are monofocal lens implants with astigmatism correction built in. They may not completely eliminate the need for eyeglasses; however, people with toric IOLs should have less astigmatism and better vision without glasses than if a traditional IOL was used. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Red Eye
Refractive Surgery
-
Nearsightedness (Myopia)
Myopia or nearsightedness is a form of refractive error. With myopia, the distance between the cornea and the retina is too long, so that light rays focus in front of the retina instead of on it. Close objects will look clear, but distant objects will appear blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is when the eye focuses the image behind where the retina actually is. This causes close objects to look blurry. Distant objects will still look clear. Farsightedness is treatable.
To learn more about farsightedness, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hyperopia-farsightedness
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/XX5ojCgdbcE -
Astigmatism
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is curved unevenly, more like a football than a basketball. Light passing through an uneven cornea is not properly focused on the retina. Distance and close vision may both be blurry. Learn more about astigmatism symptoms, astigmatism diagnosis and astigmatism treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Refractive Surgery
Over the past decades, a variety of surgical procedures, collectively known as refractive surgery, has become an increasingly popular way to correct refractive error. In most cases, these procedures permanently alter the shape of the cornea, so that light rays are refocused on the retina to improve vision. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Microkeratome)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea with a microsurgical instrument called a microkeratome. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Femtosecond)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea using tiny, quick pulses of laser light. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wavefront LASIK
A beam of light is sent through your eye and reflected back. A sensor measures the irregularities in the pattern that emerges. The wavefront computer creates an accurate, 3-D map that includes the imperfections in your cornea, helping your ophthalmologist to customize the reshaping of your cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What Is Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)?
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a laser vision correction surgery. With PRK, the cornea at the front of the eye is reshaped with a special laser, to give clearer vision.
To learn more about PRK and other refractive surgeries, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/photorefractive-keratectomy-prk
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/sWeGqgitDFM -
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK)
With LASEK, an alcohol solution loosens the epithelium, a thin layer of cells that covers the surface of the cornea. The epithelium is peeled back from the cornea and a laser reshapes your cornea to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. The epithelium is placed back over the cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
INTACS are made of two semicircles of plastic that rest between the layers of tissue in the cornea. They cause the peripheral cornea to become more steep and the central cornea to flatten. This change in shape corrects nearsightedness by shifting the point at which light is focused on the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Phakic IOL
Phakic IOLs can treat high degrees of refractive error that corneal-based refractive surgery cannot. A tiny incision is made in the eye through which the IOL is inserted. Once positioned in front of the eye's natural lens, the implantable contact lens correctly focuses light rays onto the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Tears
-
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
The Three Layers of the Tear Film
Each time you blink, a tear film covers the eye to help you see. The tear film has three layers: an oily layer on the outside, a watery layer in the middle and mucous layer on the surface of the eye.
To learn more about tears, dry eye, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/-scr2CV8DGE -
Punctal Plugs
Tears drain out of the eye through tiny openings of the tear ducts called puncta. If you have dry eye, your ophthalmologist may recommend closing off the puncta, either temporarily or permanently, using punctal plugs. Punctal plugs can save your own tears or make artificial tears last longer. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Click here for other helpful videos from Eyesmart!
-
How the Eye Works and AMD
The macula is a small area at the center of the retina that gives us our pinpoint central vision. The area of retina surrounding the macula gives us our peripheral vision. AMD is a breakdown of the macula. When the macula doesn't work properly, your central vision can be diminished. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Dry AMD
The retina is made up of many layers, which work together so we see clearly. In people with dry AMD, the layer under the retina, known as the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is affected by deposits called drusen, as well as other age-related changes. These changes may cause vision to deteriorate. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wet AMD
With wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels begin to grow under the retinal layers behind the macula. These blood vessels leak fluid or bleed, which further blurs or distorts central vision. About ten percent of people with macular degeneration have the wet form of the disease. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Amsler Grid
If you have a macular degeneration diagnosis, you can use an Amsler grid to detect changes in your central vision. AMD typically causes straight lines to appear wavy or blurry, or areas to appear dark or blank. If you notice any changes in the grid, contact your ophthalmologist immediately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for AMD
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina and blood vessels, which are illuminated with dye. Problem areas affected by AMD will show up in the images. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Photodynamic Therapy PDT Treatment
PDT uses a combination of a light-activated drug and a low-power laser. The drug is injected into the patient and travels to the abnormal vessels behind the central macula, attaching only to molecules in wet AMD blood vessels. The laser causes damage specifically to these unwanted vessels. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Anti VEGF Treatment for AMD
You and your ophthalmologist may choose anti-VEGF treatment for your wet AMD, to reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels and slow their leakage. After your eye has been numbed with an anesthetic, the anti-VEGF drug is injected into the eye with a very fine needle in an outpatient procedure. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
[/vc_column_text]
Cataracts
-
What are cataracts?
Cataracts are when the eye's natural lens becomes cloudy. This happens to most people as a natural part of aging. Cataracts can also be caused by injuries, certain medications or genetics. When the lens gets cloudy, it can scatter light and make your vision blurry.
To learn more about cataracts, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/UC74Bw2KpKE -
Cataract Facts
Find out what cataracts are, what causes them and what can be done to improve vision if you have cataracts. Get more information about cataracts from the American Academy of Ophthalmology's EyeSmart program. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts -
Cataract Surgery
With cataract surgery, a small incision is made in the eye. The front of the outer covering of the lens is opened and the cataract is broken up and vacuumed out. A folded lens implant is inserted into the capsule where it unfolds and permanently takes the place of the clouded natural lens. Learn more at https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cataract-surgery -
Cataract Formation
In the healthy eye, the lens is clear and allows light rays to pass through unobstructed. As a cataract forms, the lens gradually becomes cloudy. As light passes through this cloudy lens, it is no longer clearly focused on the retina, causing images to appear hazy or blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Detached Retina
-
Floaters & Flashes and Retinal Detachment
When clumps of cells form inside the vitreous, they cast shadows called floaters. When vitreous gel rubs or pulls at the retina, flashes occur. Floaters and flashes are more common as we reach middle age, or they can be a sign of a serious problem called retinal detachment. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is scleral buckle surgery?
Scleral buckle surgery is one treatment for retinal detachemnt. A band, often made of silicone, is put around the eye and sewn in place. The band gently squeezes the eye, keeping the layers of the eye together and giving the retina a chance to reattach to the wall of the eye.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/7Zsli12rFdQ -
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Detached Retina
In this procedure, a gas bubble is injected into the vitreous space inside the eye in combination with laser surgery or cryotherapy. The gas bubble pushes the retinal tear into place against the back wall of the eye. Sometimes this procedure can be done in the ophthalmologist’s office. Your ophthalmologist will ask you to constantly maintain a certain head position for several days. The gas bubble will gradually disappear.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/s4CIvcbTrGg -
Vitrectomy Surgery for Detached Retina
With vitrectomy surgery, the vitreous gel that is pulling on the retina is removed and replaced with a gas bubble. Over time, fluid naturally replaces this gas bubble. In some cases, silicon oil is used instead of gas, in which case a second surgery is usually needed to remove the oil. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Diabetic Retinopathy
-
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy PDR
With PDR, blood vessels in the retina close, preventing adequate blood flow. The retina responds by trying to grow new vessels. However, these new abnormal vessels do not provide proper blood flow, and can bleed and lead to scar tissue, which may cause the retina to wrinkle or detach. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR)
With nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), damaged blood vessels in the retina begin to leak fluids, including small amounts of blood, into the retina. Sometimes, deposits of fats may leak inside the retina. These deposits are called hard exudates. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Panretinal Photocoagulation PRP
Panretinal photocoagulation is a laser treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The laser is applied to the peripheral retina. This shrinks the blood vessels, often prevents them from regrowing, and decreases the chances of the blood vessels bleeding into the vitreous or causing a retinal detachment. More information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Eyelid Problems
-
Eyelid Dermatochalasis
EyeSmart dermatochalasis video. Dermatochalasis refers to redundancy of eyelid skin and is often associated with orbital fat protrusion or prolapse (steatoblepharon). Though more common in older patients, dermatochalasis can also occur in middle-aged people, particularly if a familial predisposition exists. Dermatochalasis of the upper eyelids is often associated with an indistinct or lower-than-normal eyelid crease. It also may be associated with true ptosis of the upper eyelids. http://www.geteyesmart.org -
Blepharoptosis
Blepharoptosis is a condition that causes the upper eyelid to droop. The eyelid can fall into your field of vision and make it difficult to see. Learn more about blepharoptosis and other eyelid problems at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is chronic redness, irritation, and flaking of the eyelids. It can lead to lid infection and irritation of the eye. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What are entropion and ectropion?
"Entropion is when the eyelid and eyelashes turn inward, into the eye. The lashes can rub against the cornea, causing pain and irritation.
Ectropion is when the eyelid is loose, exposing the inner part of the eyelid. Tears do not drain properly with ectropion, causing tearing and discomfort."
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/5Rb664g1MEw -
Entropion and Ectropion Repair Surgeries
Both entropion and ectropion (inward- or outward-turning eyelids) can be repaired surgically. The ophthalmologist will loosen or tighten the tendons that hold the eyelid. This will allow the eyelid to sit in it's normal location. Sometimes a small amount of tissue is grafted from another part of the body, onto the eyelid.
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/9DX303u9Yg4
Glaucoma
-
What is glaucoma?
In a healthy eye, fluid is made in the front of the eye and flows out through the trabecular meshwork, which is a part of the drainage angle. If fluid doesn't flow out properly, eye pressure increases and damages the optic nerve.
To learn more about glaucoma, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma.
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/QRiM0i3U25s -
How the Eye Works and Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If more aqueous humor is produced than flows out, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop and damage the optic nerve. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Open-Angle Glaucoma
A healthy eye continuously produces aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and allows an equal amount to flow out. With glaucoma, aqueous humor does not drain properly and an unhealthy eye pressure may develop, pressing on the optic nerve and damaging optic nerve fibers. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Closed Angle Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If the iris blocks the drainage angle and aqueous humor cannot drain properly, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Optic Nerve Fibers
A normal optic nerve is made up of more than a million nerve fibers. With glaucoma, as the optic nerve is damaged, it loses nerve fibers and changes in appearance, called cupping. As cupping increases, blind spots develop. Ophthalmologists use a visual field test to look for these blind spots. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Visual Field
In the early stages of glaucoma, the visual field remains normal. As the optic nerve experiences further damage, blind spots begin to appear. These blind spots typically go undetected in your day to day activities, until the optic nerve is significantly damaged and the blind spots become large. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT and SLT)
Two types of laser trabeculoplasty, ALT and SLT, are used to treat open-angle glaucoma. These laser surgeries are used to treat the drainage system of the eye, called the trabecular meshwork. Treatment improves the flow of fluid out of the eye, helping to lower pressure. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What happens during laser iridotomy surgery?
Laser iridotomy is a surgery that's used to prevent or control glaucoma. An ophthalmologist uses a laser to make a tiny hole in the iris (colored part) of the eye. This opening - usually the size of a pinhead - allows fluid to flow from behind the iris and out through the drainage angle.
To learn more about glaucoma treatment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/glaucoma-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/EiEarArHmnw -
Trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy creates a new drainage channel for the eye, allowing fluid to flow into a filtering area called a bleb, which is mostly hidden under the eyelid. When successful, this procedure will lower the pressure in the eye, minimizing the risk of vision loss from glaucoma. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Setons
If your eye is at high risk for scarring and your eye pressure has to be lowered, your ophthalmologist may recommend placing a tiny drainage tube in your eye called a seton. The tube creates a new channel for the fluid to flow from the eye to a filtering area called a bleb. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
-
Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Like your eye's natural lens, an IOL helps you see by focusing the light that comes through the cornea and pupil, focusing the light onto the retina. The retina converts the light rays into signals that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as the images we see. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Lens (IOL)
Traditional monofocal lenses focus light entering your eye at a single focal distance. This means you will see best at either far, near, or intermediate distance without glasses, depending on the lens power you select. Most people choose a lens that provides good distance vision without glasses. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Correction Options
Monofocal IOLs provide good vision at one focal distance. With a monofocal IOL set for distance, you will need reading glasses for close-up vision. If you choose a monofocal IOL set for near vision, allowing you to read without glasses, then you will need glasses to see clearly in the distance. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Multifocal Lens (IOL)
Multifocal intraocular lenses use specially-designed circular focal zones or rings on the surface of the lens. Depending on where the light rays are focused through the different zones or rings, you may be able to focus well at both near and distance. Learn more about multifocal IOLs with cataract surgery at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Accommodative Lens IOL
You may choose to replace your natural lenses with accommodative IOLs after cataract surgery. Accommodative IOLs work with the ciliary muscles to move the IOL forward and backward. This movement of the lens allows the focus to change from near to far, providing good vision up close and far away. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Toric Lens IOL
Toric IOLs are monofocal lens implants with astigmatism correction built in. They may not completely eliminate the need for eyeglasses; however, people with toric IOLs should have less astigmatism and better vision without glasses than if a traditional IOL was used. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Red Eye
Refractive Surgery
-
Nearsightedness (Myopia)
Myopia or nearsightedness is a form of refractive error. With myopia, the distance between the cornea and the retina is too long, so that light rays focus in front of the retina instead of on it. Close objects will look clear, but distant objects will appear blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is when the eye focuses the image behind where the retina actually is. This causes close objects to look blurry. Distant objects will still look clear. Farsightedness is treatable.
To learn more about farsightedness, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hyperopia-farsightedness
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/XX5ojCgdbcE -
Astigmatism
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is curved unevenly, more like a football than a basketball. Light passing through an uneven cornea is not properly focused on the retina. Distance and close vision may both be blurry. Learn more about astigmatism symptoms, astigmatism diagnosis and astigmatism treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Refractive Surgery
Over the past decades, a variety of surgical procedures, collectively known as refractive surgery, has become an increasingly popular way to correct refractive error. In most cases, these procedures permanently alter the shape of the cornea, so that light rays are refocused on the retina to improve vision. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Microkeratome)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea with a microsurgical instrument called a microkeratome. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Femtosecond)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea using tiny, quick pulses of laser light. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wavefront LASIK
A beam of light is sent through your eye and reflected back. A sensor measures the irregularities in the pattern that emerges. The wavefront computer creates an accurate, 3-D map that includes the imperfections in your cornea, helping your ophthalmologist to customize the reshaping of your cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What Is Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)?
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a laser vision correction surgery. With PRK, the cornea at the front of the eye is reshaped with a special laser, to give clearer vision.
To learn more about PRK and other refractive surgeries, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/photorefractive-keratectomy-prk
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/sWeGqgitDFM -
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK)
With LASEK, an alcohol solution loosens the epithelium, a thin layer of cells that covers the surface of the cornea. The epithelium is peeled back from the cornea and a laser reshapes your cornea to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. The epithelium is placed back over the cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
INTACS are made of two semicircles of plastic that rest between the layers of tissue in the cornea. They cause the peripheral cornea to become more steep and the central cornea to flatten. This change in shape corrects nearsightedness by shifting the point at which light is focused on the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Phakic IOL
Phakic IOLs can treat high degrees of refractive error that corneal-based refractive surgery cannot. A tiny incision is made in the eye through which the IOL is inserted. Once positioned in front of the eye's natural lens, the implantable contact lens correctly focuses light rays onto the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Tears
-
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
The Three Layers of the Tear Film
Each time you blink, a tear film covers the eye to help you see. The tear film has three layers: an oily layer on the outside, a watery layer in the middle and mucous layer on the surface of the eye.
To learn more about tears, dry eye, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/-scr2CV8DGE -
Punctal Plugs
Tears drain out of the eye through tiny openings of the tear ducts called puncta. If you have dry eye, your ophthalmologist may recommend closing off the puncta, either temporarily or permanently, using punctal plugs. Punctal plugs can save your own tears or make artificial tears last longer. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Click here for other helpful videos from Eyesmart!
-
How the Eye Works and AMD
The macula is a small area at the center of the retina that gives us our pinpoint central vision. The area of retina surrounding the macula gives us our peripheral vision. AMD is a breakdown of the macula. When the macula doesn't work properly, your central vision can be diminished. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Dry AMD
The retina is made up of many layers, which work together so we see clearly. In people with dry AMD, the layer under the retina, known as the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is affected by deposits called drusen, as well as other age-related changes. These changes may cause vision to deteriorate. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wet AMD
With wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels begin to grow under the retinal layers behind the macula. These blood vessels leak fluid or bleed, which further blurs or distorts central vision. About ten percent of people with macular degeneration have the wet form of the disease. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Amsler Grid
If you have a macular degeneration diagnosis, you can use an Amsler grid to detect changes in your central vision. AMD typically causes straight lines to appear wavy or blurry, or areas to appear dark or blank. If you notice any changes in the grid, contact your ophthalmologist immediately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for AMD
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina and blood vessels, which are illuminated with dye. Problem areas affected by AMD will show up in the images. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Photodynamic Therapy PDT Treatment
PDT uses a combination of a light-activated drug and a low-power laser. The drug is injected into the patient and travels to the abnormal vessels behind the central macula, attaching only to molecules in wet AMD blood vessels. The laser causes damage specifically to these unwanted vessels. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Anti VEGF Treatment for AMD
You and your ophthalmologist may choose anti-VEGF treatment for your wet AMD, to reduce the growth of abnormal blood vessels and slow their leakage. After your eye has been numbed with an anesthetic, the anti-VEGF drug is injected into the eye with a very fine needle in an outpatient procedure. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
[/vc_column_text]
Cataracts
-
What are cataracts?
Cataracts are when the eye's natural lens becomes cloudy. This happens to most people as a natural part of aging. Cataracts can also be caused by injuries, certain medications or genetics. When the lens gets cloudy, it can scatter light and make your vision blurry.
To learn more about cataracts, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/UC74Bw2KpKE -
Cataract Facts
Find out what cataracts are, what causes them and what can be done to improve vision if you have cataracts. Get more information about cataracts from the American Academy of Ophthalmology's EyeSmart program. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-are-cataracts -
Cataract Surgery
With cataract surgery, a small incision is made in the eye. The front of the outer covering of the lens is opened and the cataract is broken up and vacuumed out. A folded lens implant is inserted into the capsule where it unfolds and permanently takes the place of the clouded natural lens. Learn more at https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-cataract-surgery -
Cataract Formation
In the healthy eye, the lens is clear and allows light rays to pass through unobstructed. As a cataract forms, the lens gradually becomes cloudy. As light passes through this cloudy lens, it is no longer clearly focused on the retina, causing images to appear hazy or blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Detached Retina
-
Floaters & Flashes and Retinal Detachment
When clumps of cells form inside the vitreous, they cast shadows called floaters. When vitreous gel rubs or pulls at the retina, flashes occur. Floaters and flashes are more common as we reach middle age, or they can be a sign of a serious problem called retinal detachment. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is scleral buckle surgery?
Scleral buckle surgery is one treatment for retinal detachemnt. A band, often made of silicone, is put around the eye and sewn in place. The band gently squeezes the eye, keeping the layers of the eye together and giving the retina a chance to reattach to the wall of the eye.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/7Zsli12rFdQ -
Pneumatic Retinopexy for Detached Retina
In this procedure, a gas bubble is injected into the vitreous space inside the eye in combination with laser surgery or cryotherapy. The gas bubble pushes the retinal tear into place against the back wall of the eye. Sometimes this procedure can be done in the ophthalmologist’s office. Your ophthalmologist will ask you to constantly maintain a certain head position for several days. The gas bubble will gradually disappear.
To learn more about treating retinal detachment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/detached-torn-retina-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/s4CIvcbTrGg -
Vitrectomy Surgery for Detached Retina
With vitrectomy surgery, the vitreous gel that is pulling on the retina is removed and replaced with a gas bubble. Over time, fluid naturally replaces this gas bubble. In some cases, silicon oil is used instead of gas, in which case a second surgery is usually needed to remove the oil. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Diabetic Retinopathy
-
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy PDR
With PDR, blood vessels in the retina close, preventing adequate blood flow. The retina responds by trying to grow new vessels. However, these new abnormal vessels do not provide proper blood flow, and can bleed and lead to scar tissue, which may cause the retina to wrinkle or detach. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR)
With nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), damaged blood vessels in the retina begin to leak fluids, including small amounts of blood, into the retina. Sometimes, deposits of fats may leak inside the retina. These deposits are called hard exudates. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Fluorescein Angiography for Diabetic Retinopathy
With fluorescein angiography, a small amount of yellow dye is injected into your arm and circulates throughout the blood vessels in your body. A special camera takes pictures of the retina. Blood vessels affected by NPDR will show up in the images, as well as areas of abnormal leakage or ischemia. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Panretinal Photocoagulation PRP
Panretinal photocoagulation is a laser treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The laser is applied to the peripheral retina. This shrinks the blood vessels, often prevents them from regrowing, and decreases the chances of the blood vessels bleeding into the vitreous or causing a retinal detachment. More information at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Eyelid Problems
-
Eyelid Dermatochalasis
EyeSmart dermatochalasis video. Dermatochalasis refers to redundancy of eyelid skin and is often associated with orbital fat protrusion or prolapse (steatoblepharon). Though more common in older patients, dermatochalasis can also occur in middle-aged people, particularly if a familial predisposition exists. Dermatochalasis of the upper eyelids is often associated with an indistinct or lower-than-normal eyelid crease. It also may be associated with true ptosis of the upper eyelids. http://www.geteyesmart.org -
Blepharoptosis
Blepharoptosis is a condition that causes the upper eyelid to droop. The eyelid can fall into your field of vision and make it difficult to see. Learn more about blepharoptosis and other eyelid problems at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Blepharitis
Blepharitis is chronic redness, irritation, and flaking of the eyelids. It can lead to lid infection and irritation of the eye. Get more information at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What are entropion and ectropion?
"Entropion is when the eyelid and eyelashes turn inward, into the eye. The lashes can rub against the cornea, causing pain and irritation.
Ectropion is when the eyelid is loose, exposing the inner part of the eyelid. Tears do not drain properly with ectropion, causing tearing and discomfort."
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/5Rb664g1MEw -
Entropion and Ectropion Repair Surgeries
Both entropion and ectropion (inward- or outward-turning eyelids) can be repaired surgically. The ophthalmologist will loosen or tighten the tendons that hold the eyelid. This will allow the eyelid to sit in it's normal location. Sometimes a small amount of tissue is grafted from another part of the body, onto the eyelid.
To learn more about eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/9DX303u9Yg4
Glaucoma
-
What is glaucoma?
In a healthy eye, fluid is made in the front of the eye and flows out through the trabecular meshwork, which is a part of the drainage angle. If fluid doesn't flow out properly, eye pressure increases and damages the optic nerve.
To learn more about glaucoma, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma.
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/QRiM0i3U25s -
How the Eye Works and Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If more aqueous humor is produced than flows out, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop and damage the optic nerve. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Open-Angle Glaucoma
A healthy eye continuously produces aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and allows an equal amount to flow out. With glaucoma, aqueous humor does not drain properly and an unhealthy eye pressure may develop, pressing on the optic nerve and damaging optic nerve fibers. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Closed Angle Glaucoma
To maintain a healthy eye pressure, your eye continuously produces a small amount of aqueous humor, which circulates in the front part of your eye, and an equal amount flows out. If the iris blocks the drainage angle and aqueous humor cannot drain properly, an unhealthy eye pressure may develop. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Optic Nerve Fibers
A normal optic nerve is made up of more than a million nerve fibers. With glaucoma, as the optic nerve is damaged, it loses nerve fibers and changes in appearance, called cupping. As cupping increases, blind spots develop. Ophthalmologists use a visual field test to look for these blind spots. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Visual Field
In the early stages of glaucoma, the visual field remains normal. As the optic nerve experiences further damage, blind spots begin to appear. These blind spots typically go undetected in your day to day activities, until the optic nerve is significantly damaged and the blind spots become large. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Laser Trabeculoplasty (ALT and SLT)
Two types of laser trabeculoplasty, ALT and SLT, are used to treat open-angle glaucoma. These laser surgeries are used to treat the drainage system of the eye, called the trabecular meshwork. Treatment improves the flow of fluid out of the eye, helping to lower pressure. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What happens during laser iridotomy surgery?
Laser iridotomy is a surgery that's used to prevent or control glaucoma. An ophthalmologist uses a laser to make a tiny hole in the iris (colored part) of the eye. This opening - usually the size of a pinhead - allows fluid to flow from behind the iris and out through the drainage angle.
To learn more about glaucoma treatment, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/glaucoma-treatment
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/EiEarArHmnw -
Trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy creates a new drainage channel for the eye, allowing fluid to flow into a filtering area called a bleb, which is mostly hidden under the eyelid. When successful, this procedure will lower the pressure in the eye, minimizing the risk of vision loss from glaucoma. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Setons
If your eye is at high risk for scarring and your eye pressure has to be lowered, your ophthalmologist may recommend placing a tiny drainage tube in your eye called a seton. The tube creates a new channel for the fluid to flow from the eye to a filtering area called a bleb. Learn more about glaucoma treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)
-
Intraocular Lens (IOL)
Like your eye's natural lens, an IOL helps you see by focusing the light that comes through the cornea and pupil, focusing the light onto the retina. The retina converts the light rays into signals that are sent through the optic nerve to the brain, where they are interpreted as the images we see. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Lens (IOL)
Traditional monofocal lenses focus light entering your eye at a single focal distance. This means you will see best at either far, near, or intermediate distance without glasses, depending on the lens power you select. Most people choose a lens that provides good distance vision without glasses. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Monofocal Correction Options
Monofocal IOLs provide good vision at one focal distance. With a monofocal IOL set for distance, you will need reading glasses for close-up vision. If you choose a monofocal IOL set for near vision, allowing you to read without glasses, then you will need glasses to see clearly in the distance. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Multifocal Lens (IOL)
Multifocal intraocular lenses use specially-designed circular focal zones or rings on the surface of the lens. Depending on where the light rays are focused through the different zones or rings, you may be able to focus well at both near and distance. Learn more about multifocal IOLs with cataract surgery at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Accommodative Lens IOL
You may choose to replace your natural lenses with accommodative IOLs after cataract surgery. Accommodative IOLs work with the ciliary muscles to move the IOL forward and backward. This movement of the lens allows the focus to change from near to far, providing good vision up close and far away. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Toric Lens IOL
Toric IOLs are monofocal lens implants with astigmatism correction built in. They may not completely eliminate the need for eyeglasses; however, people with toric IOLs should have less astigmatism and better vision without glasses than if a traditional IOL was used. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Red Eye
Refractive Surgery
-
Nearsightedness (Myopia)
Myopia or nearsightedness is a form of refractive error. With myopia, the distance between the cornea and the retina is too long, so that light rays focus in front of the retina instead of on it. Close objects will look clear, but distant objects will appear blurred. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What is Hyperopia (Farsightedness)?
Hyperopia, also known as farsightedness, is when the eye focuses the image behind where the retina actually is. This causes close objects to look blurry. Distant objects will still look clear. Farsightedness is treatable.
To learn more about farsightedness, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/hyperopia-farsightedness
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/XX5ojCgdbcE -
Astigmatism
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea is curved unevenly, more like a football than a basketball. Light passing through an uneven cornea is not properly focused on the retina. Distance and close vision may both be blurry. Learn more about astigmatism symptoms, astigmatism diagnosis and astigmatism treatment at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Presbyopia
The eye's ciliary muscle contracts, causing the eye's natural lens to thicken or change shape, which allows us to see objects up close. Presbyopia develops as we age, when our lens becomes less flexible and resists changing shape. With presbyopia, up-close focusing becomes more difficult. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Refractive Surgery
Over the past decades, a variety of surgical procedures, collectively known as refractive surgery, has become an increasingly popular way to correct refractive error. In most cases, these procedures permanently alter the shape of the cornea, so that light rays are refocused on the retina to improve vision. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Microkeratome)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea with a microsurgical instrument called a microkeratome. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
LASIK (Femtosecond)
With LASIK, a small flap is created in your cornea using tiny, quick pulses of laser light. The flap is folded back and laser energy is applied to reshape the cornea. The flap is put back in place, where it adheres naturally. The reshaped cornea focuses light more accurately. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Wavefront LASIK
A beam of light is sent through your eye and reflected back. A sensor measures the irregularities in the pattern that emerges. The wavefront computer creates an accurate, 3-D map that includes the imperfections in your cornea, helping your ophthalmologist to customize the reshaping of your cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
What Is Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)?
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) is a laser vision correction surgery. With PRK, the cornea at the front of the eye is reshaped with a special laser, to give clearer vision.
To learn more about PRK and other refractive surgeries, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/treatments/photorefractive-keratectomy-prk
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/sWeGqgitDFM -
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK)
With LASEK, an alcohol solution loosens the epithelium, a thin layer of cells that covers the surface of the cornea. The epithelium is peeled back from the cornea and a laser reshapes your cornea to correct nearsightedness or farsightedness. The epithelium is placed back over the cornea. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments (INTACS)
INTACS are made of two semicircles of plastic that rest between the layers of tissue in the cornea. They cause the peripheral cornea to become more steep and the central cornea to flatten. This change in shape corrects nearsightedness by shifting the point at which light is focused on the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Phakic IOL
Phakic IOLs can treat high degrees of refractive error that corneal-based refractive surgery cannot. A tiny incision is made in the eye through which the IOL is inserted. Once positioned in front of the eye's natural lens, the implantable contact lens correctly focuses light rays onto the retina. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Tears
-
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
Tear Drainage System
The lacrimal gland produces tears. These tears drain through two small openings called the upper and lower puncta, then through the canaliculus and into the lacrimal sac. They drop into the nasolacrimal duct and drain into the back of the nose and throat. Learn more about the tear drainage system at http://www.geteyesmart.org. -
The Three Layers of the Tear Film
Each time you blink, a tear film covers the eye to help you see. The tear film has three layers: an oily layer on the outside, a watery layer in the middle and mucous layer on the surface of the eye.
To learn more about tears, dry eye, eye health and how to take care of your vision, visit EyeSmart, from the American Academy of Ophthalmology. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/facts-about-tears
Mire en español: https://youtu.be/-scr2CV8DGE -
Punctal Plugs
Tears drain out of the eye through tiny openings of the tear ducts called puncta. If you have dry eye, your ophthalmologist may recommend closing off the puncta, either temporarily or permanently, using punctal plugs. Punctal plugs can save your own tears or make artificial tears last longer. Learn more at http://www.geteyesmart.org.
Click here for other helpful videos from Eyesmart!